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Tang, Wei-Jen

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overview	My laboratory focuses on applying integrated structural and biochemical approaches to elucidate the molecular basis of protein-protein interactions and protein-ligand/drug interactions that are relevant to human health and diseases. Armed with such knowledge, we then apply chemical and pharmacological approaches to develop therapeutic innovations. Currently, we are studying the following proteins: Amyloid peptide-degrading proteases: Metalloproteases, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) and presequence protease (PreP) degrade amyloid beta, a peptide vital for the progression of Alzheimer's disease. IDE is also involved in the clearance of insulin, amylin, and glucagon, pancreatic peptides for glucose homeostasis. PreP is involved in the clearance of mitochondrial importing presequence peptides, which are toxic to mitochondria. Our structures of human IDE in complex with its substrates elucidate the molecular basis of how IDE recognizes amyloidogenic peptides and offers a basis to explore IDE-based therapeutics in controlling cerebral amyloid beta accumulation and blood sugar levels. Our structures of human PreP reveal how PreP recognizes amyloid beta. Future directions in studying proteases that degrade amyloid peptides include exploration into the molecular basis in the regulation of catalysis of IDE, PreP, and other amyloid-peptide degrading proteases such as neprilysin and endothelin converting enzymes, discovery of small molecule activator and inhibitor leads, and protein engineering for therapies. Chemokines: Inflammation is vital in the progression of many chronic human illnesses. Proinflammatory chemokines, e.g., CCL5 and CCL3, play key roles in modulating inflammation and consequently affect disease progression such as cancer and immunological disorders. In addition, CCR5, the CCL3 and CCL5 cognate receptor, is a co-receptor for HIV virus. Self-association and binding to extracellular glycan of chemokines are key regulatory steps in controlling chemokine functions. Our structural and biochemical analyses of CCL3 and CCL5 have elucidated the structural basis of CCL3 and CCL5 oligomerization and binding to glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Future directions include the elucidation of the molecular basis of how oligomerization and GAG binding regulates chemokine functions and the development of small molecules to modulate inflammation. Bacterial toxins secreted by human bacterial pathogens: We study bacterial adenylyl cyclase toxins that are only active upon entering into target cells and are associated with cellular proteins that serve as the activator. These adenylyl cyclase toxins raise the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) of their host cells to benefit bacterial propagation. We have studied three adenylyl cyclase toxins, edema factor (EF) secreted by bacteria that cause anthrax, CyaA secreted bacteria that cause whooping cough, and ExoY injected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogens for nosocomial infections. Both EF and CyaA bind the cellular calcium sensor, calmodulin, with high affinity. Our structural and biochemical analyses have elucidated how calmodulin binds and activates EF and CyaA. ExoY is activated by binding to F-actin and we show that ExoY induces the bundling of F-actin. We will continue to address the structural basis for the interaction of these toxins with their cellular partners. We will also explore the therapeutic potential of adenylyl cyclase toxins in human diseases as well. The incident of bioterrorism-related anthrax in 2001 has moved the challenge against anthrax from an obscure agricultural problem to the center of bio-defense. Given the ease of making antibiotic-resistant anthrax strains and unknown enemies, the best defense against anthrax is to build up a battery of possible antidotes against anthrax that can be rapidly scaled up for production in response to the low probability, high impact incidence of anthrax-related bioterrorism.

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Value

overview

My laboratory focuses on applying integrated structural and biochemical approaches to elucidate the molecular basis of protein-protein interactions and protein-ligand/drug interactions that are relevant to human health and diseases. Armed with such knowledge, we then apply chemical and pharmacological approaches to develop therapeutic innovations. Currently, we are studying the following proteins: Amyloid peptide-degrading proteases: Metalloproteases, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) and presequence protease (PreP) degrade amyloid beta, a peptide vital for the progression of Alzheimer's disease. IDE is also involved in the clearance of insulin, amylin, and glucagon, pancreatic peptides for glucose homeostasis. PreP is involved in the clearance of mitochondrial importing presequence peptides, which are toxic to mitochondria. Our structures of human IDE in complex with its substrates elucidate the molecular basis of how IDE recognizes amyloidogenic peptides and offers a basis to explore IDE-based therapeutics in controlling cerebral amyloid beta accumulation and blood sugar levels. Our structures of human PreP reveal how PreP recognizes amyloid beta. Future directions in studying proteases that degrade amyloid peptides include exploration into the molecular basis in the regulation of catalysis of IDE, PreP, and other amyloid-peptide degrading proteases such as neprilysin and endothelin converting enzymes, discovery of small molecule activator and inhibitor leads, and protein engineering for therapies. Chemokines: Inflammation is vital in the progression of many chronic human illnesses. Proinflammatory chemokines, e.g., CCL5 and CCL3, play key roles in modulating inflammation and consequently affect disease progression such as cancer and immunological disorders. In addition, CCR5, the CCL3 and CCL5 cognate receptor, is a co-receptor for HIV virus. Self-association and binding to extracellular glycan of chemokines are key regulatory steps in controlling chemokine functions. Our structural and biochemical analyses of CCL3 and CCL5 have elucidated the structural basis of CCL3 and CCL5 oligomerization and binding to glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Future directions include the elucidation of the molecular basis of how oligomerization and GAG binding regulates chemokine functions and the development of small molecules to modulate inflammation. Bacterial toxins secreted by human bacterial pathogens: We study bacterial adenylyl cyclase toxins that are only active upon entering into target cells and are associated with cellular proteins that serve as the activator. These adenylyl cyclase toxins raise the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) of their host cells to benefit bacterial propagation. We have studied three adenylyl cyclase toxins, edema factor (EF) secreted by bacteria that cause anthrax, CyaA secreted bacteria that cause whooping cough, and ExoY injected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogens for nosocomial infections. Both EF and CyaA bind the cellular calcium sensor, calmodulin, with high affinity. Our structural and biochemical analyses have elucidated how calmodulin binds and activates EF and CyaA. ExoY is activated by binding to F-actin and we show that ExoY induces the bundling of F-actin. We will continue to address the structural basis for the interaction of these toxins with their cellular partners. We will also explore the therapeutic potential of adenylyl cyclase toxins in human diseases as well. The incident of bioterrorism-related anthrax in 2001 has moved the challenge against anthrax from an obscure agricultural problem to the center of bio-defense. Given the ease of making antibiotic-resistant anthrax strains and unknown enemies, the best defense against anthrax is to build up a battery of possible antidotes against anthrax that can be rapidly scaled up for production in response to the low probability, high impact incidence of anthrax-related bioterrorism.

One or more keywords matched the following items that are connected to Tang, Wei-Jen

Item Type	Name
Concept	Actins
Concept	Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate
Concept	Amyloid
Concept	Alkylation
Concept	Adenylyl Cyclases
Concept	Cyclic AMP
Concept	Breast Neoplasms
Concept	Amino Acid Sequence
Concept	Blood Coagulation
Concept	Bordetella pertussis
Concept	Antigens
Concept	Antigens, Differentiation
Concept	Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming
Concept	Antineoplastic Agents
Concept	Animals
Concept	Antiviral Agents
Concept	Calmodulin
Concept	Epitopes
Concept	Apomorphine
Concept	Central Nervous System Stimulants
Concept	Arginine
Concept	Antigens, Bacterial
Concept	Antigens, Viral, Tumor
Concept	Base Sequence
Concept	Cell Movement
Concept	Bacteriocins
Concept	Bacillus anthracis
Concept	Azoles
Concept	Bacillus cereus
Concept	Binding Sites
Concept	Blood Glucose
Concept	Bone Marrow
Concept	Cattle
Concept	Cell Separation
Concept	Carbachol
Concept	Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Concept	Chemotaxis
Concept	Genetic Vectors
Concept	Guinea Pigs
Concept	Concanavalin A
Concept	Cricetulus
Concept	Cholesterol
Concept	Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Concept	Corticosterone
Concept	Cytosine Nucleotides
Concept	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Concept	Cysteine
Concept	Ileum
Concept	Imidazoles
Concept	Dendritic Cells
Concept	Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Concept	Insulin
Concept	Insulysin
Concept	Drosophila
Concept	DNA Mutational Analysis
Concept	Dogs
Concept	Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Concept	Gastric Mucosa
Concept	Genes, Regulator
Concept	Kallidin
Concept	Enzyme Inhibitors
Concept	Manganese
Concept	Diagnostic Imaging
Concept	Drosophila melanogaster
Concept	Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Concept	Colforsin
Concept	Fibroblasts
Concept	Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
Concept	Electrocardiography
Concept	Enzyme Activation
Concept	Models, Chemical
Concept	Gene Expression Regulation
Concept	Multiple Organ Failure
Concept	Genes, Viral
Concept	Gastric Emptying
Concept	Glucagon
Concept	Neovascularization, Pathologic
Concept	Nitrogen
Concept	Isomerism
Concept	Guanosine Triphosphate
Concept	Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Concept	Obesity
Concept	Heart
Concept	Heart Ventricles
Concept	DNA, Viral
Concept	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Concept	Hydrogen Peroxide
Concept	Hypoglycemic Agents
Concept	Escherichia coli
Concept	Hydroxamic Acids
Concept	Flow Cytometry
Concept	Isoenzymes
Concept	Guanylate Cyclase
Concept	Lepidoptera
Concept	Light
Concept	Macrophages
Concept	Maleimides
Concept	Magnesium
Concept	Intestines
Concept	Membrane Glycoproteins
Concept	Hydrolysis
Concept	Microfilament Proteins
Concept	Models, Molecular
Concept	Mammals
Concept	Naphthalenesulfonates
Concept	Mice, Neurologic Mutants
Concept	Actin Cytoskeleton
Concept	Immunohistochemistry
Concept	Insecta
Concept	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Concept	Oxadiazoles
Concept	Mice, Inbred BALB C
Concept	Mice, Inbred C57BL
Concept	Mice, Nude
Concept	Microsomes, Liver
Concept	Random Allocation
Concept	Mutation
Concept	Cricetinae
Concept	Hemolysin Proteins
Concept	Ion Channels
Concept	Ovarian Neoplasms
Concept	Oxidation-Reduction
Concept	Lipopolysaccharides
Concept	Oligopeptides
Concept	Oocytes
Concept	Shock
Concept	Shock, Septic
Concept	Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Concept	Oxygen
Concept	Plasmids
Concept	Protein Conformation
Concept	Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Concept	Quantum Theory
Concept	Pulmonary Edema
Concept	Forecasting
Concept	Glucose Tolerance Test
Concept	Rabbits
Concept	Receptors, Antigen
Concept	X-Ray Diffraction
Concept	Intermediate Filament Proteins
Concept	Intestinal Mucosa
Concept	Potassium Channels
Concept	Isopropyl Thiogalactoside
Concept	Humans
Concept	Software
Concept	Thermodynamics
Concept	Thinness
Concept	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Concept	Xenopus laevis
Concept	Drug Design
Concept	Protein Engineering
Concept	Isoquinolines
Concept	Neprilysin
Concept	Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
Concept	Lymphoid Tissue
Concept	Cell Culture Techniques
Concept	Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
Concept	Inhalation Exposure
Concept	Hepatitis B, Chronic
Concept	Cryoelectron Microscopy
Concept	Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Concept	Tyrosine
Concept	Herpesvirus 3, Human
Concept	Water
Concept	Protein Structure, Quaternary
Concept	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Concept	Models, Animal
Concept	Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)
Concept	Organoselenium Compounds
Concept	HIV Protease
Concept	Mice, Inbred DBA
Concept	Antigens, CD
Concept	Mitochondria
Concept	Molecular Conformation
Concept	Paclitaxel
Concept	Interleukin-10
Concept	Fusion Proteins, gag-pol
Concept	Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Concept	Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Concept	Sequence Alignment
Concept	Myocardium
Concept	Protein Structure, Tertiary
Concept	Methionine
Concept	Paraffin Embedding
Concept	Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Concept	Neutralization Tests
Concept	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Concept	Consensus Sequence
Concept	Point Mutation
Concept	Sequence Deletion
Concept	MAP Kinase Kinase 1
Concept	Mice, Knockout
Concept	Crystallography, X-Ray
Concept	Dopamine Agonists
Concept	Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Concept	DNA, Complementary
Concept	MAP Kinase Kinase 7
Concept	Cell Proliferation
Concept	GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs
Concept	Interleukin-12
Concept	Glucose Intolerance
Concept	Spodoptera
Concept	ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Concept	Receptors, CXCR4
Concept	Chemokines, CC
Concept	Mutation, Missense
Concept	Drosophila Proteins
Concept	Chemokine CXCL12
Concept	src Homology Domains
Concept	Chemokine CCL5
Concept	Jurkat Cells
Concept	Nucleus Accumbens
Concept	Reactive Oxygen Species
Concept	Protein Structure, Secondary
Concept	EF Hand Motifs
Concept	Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
Concept	Primary Cell Culture
Concept	Consensus
Concept	Natriuretic Peptides
Concept	Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Concept	Endopeptidase K
Concept	COS Cells
Concept	Amino Acid Substitution
Concept	Luminescence
Concept	Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Concept	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
Concept	Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins
Concept	Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying
Concept	Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
Concept	Catalytic Domain
Concept	Enzyme Activators
Concept	Piperidines
Concept	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Concept	Animals, Genetically Modified
Concept	Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Concept	Mice
Concept	Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Concept	Pyrazoles
Concept	Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein
Concept	Pyrimidines
Concept	Pyrimidine Nucleotides
Concept	Diphosphates
Concept	Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Concept	Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Concept	Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Concept	Sulfonamides
Concept	Multiprotein Complexes
Concept	Molecular Targeted Therapy
Concept	Rats
Concept	Triazoles
Concept	Static Electricity
Concept	Time-Lapse Imaging
Concept	High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Concept	Spleen
Concept	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Concept	Chemokine CCL4
Concept	Zinc
Concept	Immunoblotting
Concept	Blotting, Western
Concept	Transforming Growth Factor alpha
Concept	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
Concept	Thiazoles
Concept	Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
Concept	Transfection
Concept	Ionomycin
Concept	Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Concept	Receptors, Peptide
Concept	Amyloid beta-Peptides
Concept	Baculoviridae
Concept	HIV Protease Inhibitors
Concept	GTP-Binding Proteins
Concept	Chemokine CCL3
Concept	Isoindoles
Concept	Gene Silencing
Concept	Ubiquitin
Concept	Peptide Library
Concept	Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins
Concept	Rats, Long-Evans
Concept	Structural Homology, Protein
Concept	Protein Sorting Signals
Concept	JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Concept	S-Nitrosoglutathione
Concept	Retinal Neurons
Concept	RNA, Small Interfering
Concept	Microfluidics
Concept	Cell Shape
Concept	G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels
Concept	Perforin
Concept	Antibodies, Neutralizing
Concept	Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
Concept	Alzheimer Disease
Concept	Antibodies
Concept	Binding, Competitive
Concept	Blood Cell Count
Concept	Blood Chemical Analysis
Concept	Calcium
Concept	Cell Survival
Concept	Cloning, Molecular
Concept	Diabetes Mellitus
Concept	Disease Models, Animal
Concept	Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Concept	Hemagglutinins
Concept	Hemorrhage
Concept	Histidine
Concept	Kinetics
Concept	Lymphocyte Activation
Concept	Membrane Potentials
Concept	Metals
Concept	Mice, Mutant Strains
Concept	Microscopy, Fluorescence
Concept	Models, Biological
Concept	Organ Specificity
Concept	Psychotropic Drugs
Concept	Receptors, Virus
Concept	Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Concept	Self Administration
Concept	Serine Endopeptidases
Concept	T-Lymphocytes
Concept	Vimentin
Concept	Restriction Mapping
Concept	HIV-1
Concept	Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Concept	Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Concept	Cytokines
Concept	Oncogene Proteins v-fos
Concept	Conserved Sequence
Concept	Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Concept	DNA Primers
Concept	Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Concept	Membrane Microdomains
Concept	Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Concept	Macrocyclic Compounds
Concept	Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Concept	Casein Kinase Ialpha
Concept	Actin Depolymerizing Factors
Concept	Quorum Sensing
Concept	Imaginal Discs
Academic Article	Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of the edema factor exotoxin adenylyl cyclase domain from Bacillus anthracis in the presence of its activator, calmodulin.
Academic Article	Expression and purification of soluble adenylyl cyclase from Escherichia coli.
Academic Article	Gadd45 beta mediates the NF-kappa B suppression of JNK signalling by targeting MKK7/JNKK2.
Academic Article	Selective inhibition of anthrax edema factor by adefovir, a drug for chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Academic Article	The C-terminal domain of human insulin degrading enzyme is required for dimerization and substrate recognition.
Academic Article	Bacillus anthracis edema toxin causes extensive tissue lesions and rapid lethality in mice.
Academic Article	Protein-protein docking and analysis reveal that two homologous bacterial adenylyl cyclase toxins interact with calmodulin differently.
Academic Article	Spatial localization of bacteria controls coagulation of human blood by 'quorum acting'.
Academic Article	Protective role of Cys-178 against the inactivation and oligomerization of human insulin-degrading enzyme by oxidation and nitrosylation.
Academic Article	Phosphorylation of FADD at serine 194 by CKIalpha regulates its nonapoptotic activities.
Academic Article	Structures of human insulin-degrading enzyme reveal a new substrate recognition mechanism.
Academic Article	Cellular functions and X-ray structure of anthrolysin O, a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin secreted by Bacillus anthracis.
Academic Article	Modular total chemical synthesis of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease.
Academic Article	Insights from atomic-resolution X-ray structures of chemically synthesized HIV-1 protease in complex with inhibitors.
Academic Article	Anthrax edema factor potency depends on mode of cell entry.
Academic Article	Previous exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannibinol enhances locomotor responding to but not self-administration of amphetamine.
Academic Article	Structure of substrate-free human insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and biophysical analysis of ATP-induced conformational switch of IDE.
Academic Article	Molecular bases for the recognition of short peptide substrates and cysteine-directed modifications of human insulin-degrading enzyme.
Academic Article	The role of anthrolysin O in gut epithelial barrier disruption during Bacillus anthracis infection.
Academic Article	Truncation and alanine-scanning mutants of type I adenylyl cyclase.
Academic Article	The inwardly rectifying K(+) channel subunit GIRK1 rescues the GIRK2 weaver phenotype.
Academic Article	Catalytic mechanism and regulation of mammalian adenylyl cyclases.
Academic Article	An extended conformation of calmodulin induces interactions between the structural domains of adenylyl cyclase from Bacillus anthracis to promote catalysis.
Academic Article	Construction of soluble adenylyl cyclase from human membrane-bound type 7 adenylyl cyclase.
Academic Article	Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cyclase exotoxin by calmodulin.
Academic Article	Class III adenylyl cyclases: regulation and underlying mechanisms.
Academic Article	Conversion of forskolin-insensitive to forskolin-sensitive (mouse-type IX) adenylyl cyclase.
Academic Article	Structural changes in intermediate filament networks alter the activity of insulin-degrading enzyme.
Academic Article	Structure of anthrax edema factor-calmodulin-adenosine 5'-(alpha,beta-methylene)-triphosphate complex reveals an alternative mode of ATP binding to the catalytic site.
Academic Article	Physiological calcium concentrations regulate calmodulin binding and catalysis of adenylyl cyclase exotoxins.
Academic Article	Structural and kinetic analyses of the interaction of anthrax adenylyl cyclase toxin with reaction products cAMP and pyrophosphate.
Academic Article	Polymerization of MIP-1 chemokine (CCL3 and CCL4) and clearance of MIP-1 by insulin-degrading enzyme.
Academic Article	A 1.3-A structure of zinc-bound N-terminal domain of calmodulin elucidates potential early ion-binding step.
Academic Article	Expression of alpha subunit of Gs in Escherichia coli.
Academic Article	Molecular basis for the recognition and cleavages of IGF-II, TGF-alpha, and amylin by human insulin-degrading enzyme.
Academic Article	The adenylyl cyclase activity of anthrax edema factor.
Academic Article	Expression of metalloprotease insulin-degrading enzyme insulysin in normal and malignant human tissues.
Academic Article	Immunohistochemical evidence of ubiquitous distribution of the metalloendoprotease insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE; insulysin) in human non-malignant tissues and tumor cell lines.
Academic Article	Three discrete regions of mammalian adenylyl cyclase form a site for Gsalpha activation.
Academic Article	Structural basis for the interaction of Bordetella pertussis adenylyl cyclase toxin with calmodulin.
Academic Article	Daughterless homodimer synergizes with Eyeless to induce Atonal expression and retinal neuron differentiation.
Academic Article	Conformational states and recognition of amyloidogenic peptides of human insulin-degrading enzyme.
Academic Article	Targeting Insulin-Degrading Enzyme to Treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Academic Article	Structural basis for oligomerization and glycosaminoglycan binding of CCL5 and CCL3.
Academic Article	Identification of a structurally novel BTK mutation that drives ibrutinib resistance in CLL.
Grant	REGULATION OF MAMMALIAN MEMBRANE-BOUND ADENYLYL CYCLASE
Grant	Structure and functions of chemokine CCL5-CXCL4 hetero-oligomer
Grant	Intervention against anthrax edema factor (EF)
Grant	Integrative structural analysis of human insulin degrading enzyme
Grant	Regulation and Catalysis of Human Insulin Degrading Enzyme
Academic Article	Asp-286----Asn-286 in polyomavirus large T antigen relaxes the specificity of binding to the polyomavirus origin.
Academic Article	Adenylyl cyclase amino acid sequence: possible channel- or transporter-like structure.
Academic Article	Regulation of mammalian adenylyl cyclases by G-protein alpha and beta gamma subunits.
Academic Article	Activation of the polyomavirus enhancer by a murine activator protein 1 (AP1) homolog and two contiguous proteins.
Academic Article	Constitutive expression of simian virus 40 large T antigen in monkey cells activates their capacity to support polyomavirus replication.
Academic Article	AP1 enhances polyomavirus DNA replication by promoting T-antigen-mediated unwinding of DNA.
Academic Article	Nucleotides in the polyomavirus enhancer that control viral transcription and DNA replication.
Academic Article	Type-specific regulation of adenylyl cyclase by G protein beta gamma subunits.
Academic Article	Construction of a soluble adenylyl cyclase activated by Gs alpha and forskolin.
Academic Article	Expression and characterization of calmodulin-activated (type I) adenylylcyclase.
Academic Article	Locking the Elbow: Improved Antibody Fab Fragments as Chaperones for Structure Determination.
Academic Article	Rapid Discovery and Characterization of Synthetic Neutralizing Antibodies against Anthrax Edema Toxin.
Academic Article	Identification of ebselen as a potent inhibitor of insulin degrading enzyme by a drug repurposing screening.
Academic Article	Catalytic Mechanism of Amyloid-ß Peptide Degradation by Insulin Degrading Enzyme: Insights from Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics Style Møller-Plesset Second Order Perturbation Theory Calculation.
Academic Article	Structure-activity relationships of imidazole-derived 2-[N-carbamoylmethyl-alkylamino]acetic acids, dual binders of human insulin-degrading enzyme.
Academic Article	The case for developing consensus standards for research in microbial pathogenesis: Bacillus anthracis toxins as an example.
Academic Article	Distinct interactions of 2'- and 3'-O-(N-methyl)anthraniloyl-isomers of ATP and GTP with the adenylyl cyclase toxin of Bacillus anthracis, edema factor.
Academic Article	Designed inhibitors of insulin-degrading enzyme regulate the catabolism and activity of insulin.
Academic Article	The amino terminus of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E is required for binding to insulin-degrading enzyme, a VZV receptor.
Academic Article	Anti-diabetic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme inhibitors mediated by multiple hormones.
Academic Article	Anthrax toxins induce shock in rats by depressed cardiac ventricular function.
Academic Article	Modulation of the CXC chemokine receptor 4 agonist activity of ubiquitin through C-terminal protein modification.
Academic Article	Different Roles of N-Terminal and C-Terminal Domains in Calmodulin for Activation of Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor.
Academic Article	Inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase toxin, edema factor, from Bacillus anthracis by a series of 18 mono- and bis-(M)ANT-substituted nucleoside 5'-triphosphates.
Academic Article	Noninvasive imaging technologies reveal edema toxin as a key virulence factor in anthrax.
Academic Article	Molecular analysis of the interaction of anthrax adenylyl cyclase toxin, edema factor, with 2'(3')-O-(N-(methyl)anthraniloyl)-substituted purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Academic Article	Anthrax toxins suppress T lymphocyte activation by disrupting antigen receptor signaling.
Academic Article	Calcium dependence of the interaction between calmodulin and anthrax edema factor.
Academic Article	Reinvestigating the synthesis and efficacy of small benzimidazole derivatives as presequence protease enhancers.
Academic Article	Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme Y directly bundles actin filaments.
Academic Article	Structural analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M13 metalloprotease Zmp1 open states.
Concept	Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors
Concept	Protein Domains
Concept	Organophosphonates
Concept	ortho-Aminobenzoates
Concept	Occludin
Concept	Nestin

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